River salmon fishing in New York offers anglers an experience where they can enjoy the scenic rivers and catch powerful fish. Whether you fly fish or spin fish for salmon in New York, there is a place on the rivers for you. Beginners and veterans of the sport meet on the rivers of New York in search of salmon every October.
Understanding Salmon Species in New York Rivers
Salmon Species You Can Find in New York Rivers
New York’s rivers host several salmon species, each offering unique challenges and opportunities for anglers:
- Chinook Salmon (King Salmon): Known for their size and strength, Chinook is a prized catch. They typically enter New York rivers from late summer to early fall. Rivers like the Salmon River are famous for their robust Chinook runs.
- Coho Salmon (Silver Salmon): Smaller than Chinook but no less spirited, Coho salmon enter rivers in the fall. They are known for their acrobatics and aggressive takes, making them a favorite among anglers.
- Atlantic Salmon: Historically significant and culturally iconic, Atlantic salmon is a rare but special catch in New York. Restoration efforts have brought small populations back to rivers like the Salmon and Oswego.
Life Cycle of New York River Salmon
Salmon have a complex life cycle that greatly influences their availability in New York rivers:
- Spawning: Salmon migrate from Lake Ontario to rivers to spawn. The timing varies by species but generally occurs in the fall.
- Incubation and Emergence: Eggs incubate in gravel beds through winter. The fry emerge in spring and spends varying time in freshwater before migrating to the ocean.
- Lake Life: After entering Lake Ontario, salmon spend several years growing and maturing.
- Return Migration: Mature salmon return to their natal rivers to spawn, completing their life cycle.
The health of river ecosystems is not typically needed in NY. There is very little natural reproduction that occurs in salmon. It is mostly a stocked resource for anglers to enjoy.
Best Rivers for Salmon Fishing in New York
Top Salmon Fishing Rivers in New York
Salmon River
The Salmon River is arguably the most famous river for salmon fishing in New York. Known for its robust runs of Chinook and Coho salmon, the river attracts thousands of anglers each year. There is even RV camping close by for your convenience.
- Key Fishing Spots:
- Douglaston Salmon Run: A private section offering exclusive access to some of the best fishing holes.
- Sportsman’s Pool and Pineville: Public access areas known for high salmon concentrations during peak runs.
- Best Times to Fish: Late August through November, with peak activity in September and October.
- Regulations: The Salmon River has specific regulations, including gear restrictions and no-kill zones, designed to protect fish populations. Always check current rules before heading out.
Oswego River
The Oswego River offers excellent salmon fishing right in the heart of the city of Oswego. The river’s proximity to Lake Ontario means a steady influx of salmon during their spawning runs.
- Key Fishing Spots:
- Lock 7 and Varick Dam: Concentrated areas where salmon rest before continuing upstream.
- Leto Island and Wright’s Landing: Popular spots for both boat and shore fishing.
- Best Times to Fish: September through November, with the best action typically in mid-October.
- Local Tips: Use heavy tackle to manage the strong current and powerful fish. Night fishing can also be productive, especially during the early fall.
Genesee River
Flowing through Rochester, the Genesee River is another prime spot for salmon fishing, especially for those looking to avoid the crowds of the Salmon River.
- Key Fishing Spots:
- Lower Falls: The area below the falls offers great fishing as salmon congregate before attempting to navigate the falls.
- Turning Basin: A calm area where salmon hold before continuing upstream.
- Best Times to Fish: Mid-September through November.
- Regulations: Be mindful of changing water levels due to dam operations, and always adhere to local fishing regulations.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a New York River for Salmon Fishing
- Water Temperature and Clarity: The optimal water temperature for salmon ranges from 50-60°F. Clarity affects lure choice—use brightly colored lures in murky water.
- River Flow and Access: High flow can make fishing challenging but also brings more fish upriver. Choose rivers with easy public access or consider hiring a guide for less accessible spots.
- Local Fishing Pressure: Popular rivers like the Salmon River can get crowded. Consider lesser-known spots like the Black River to find more solitude. Some mountainous areas on the southern end of the lake get runs of salmon as well in lessor known tributaries. These areas are great if you don’t like crowds and enjoy hiking.
Gear and Equipment for River Salmon Fishing in New York
Essential Fishing Gear for New York Rivers
Rods and Reels
- Rod Recommendations: A medium-heavy to heavy rod (9-10 feet) is ideal for the strong currents and large salmon found in New York rivers.
- Reel Types: A high-capacity spinning or baitcasting reel with a smooth drag system is crucial. Look for models that can handle at least 200 yards of 20-30 lb test line.
- Fly Fishing: Some people enjoy fly fishing the rivers. Just remember, in crowded areas, this can become an issue trying to reel in salmon with other anglers present. Tangled lines are common.
Fishing Lines and Leaders
- Main Line: Use braided line for its strength and sensitivity. A 30-50 lb test is recommended.
- Leaders: Fluorocarbon leaders (15-30 lb test) are less visible in clear water and provide abrasion resistance.
Hooks, Lures, and Bait
- Hooks: Use size 2 to 4/0 hooks, depending on the bait and fish size.
- Lures: Effective lures include spoons, spinners, and plugs. Popular colors are silver, gold, and chartreuse.
- Baits: Salmon roe, shrimp, and cut bait are highly effective, especially during peak runs.
Waders and River Fishing Accessories
Waders are essential for river fishing. Choose breathable, chest-high waders with sturdy boots. Accessories like a wading staff, polarized sunglasses, and a large net will enhance your fishing experience.
Techniques and Strategies for River Salmon Fishing in New York
Popular Salmon Fishing Techniques in New York Rivers
Drift Fishing
Drift fishing involves presenting bait or a lure naturally in the current, mimicking the movement of food sources. It’s highly effective in New York’s fast-flowing rivers.
- Tip: Keep your rod tip high and watch for subtle movements indicating a bite. Adjust your weight to keep the bait close to the bottom without snagging.
Float Fishing
Float fishing allows you to cover large areas and keep your bait at a consistent depth. Use a sliding float setup with a fixed or adjustable stop.
- Tip: Adjust your depth frequently to find where the salmon are holding. Floats can be effective in deeper pools and runs.
Casting and Retrieving
Casting and retrieving lures like spinners or spoons is ideal for covering water and triggering aggressive strikes.
- Tip: Vary your retrieve speed and add occasional pauses. Salmon often strike when the lure changes direction or speed.
Fly Fishing for Salmon in New York
Fly fishing is growing in popularity for targeting salmon. Use heavy rods (8-10 weight) and large flies, such as streamers or egg patterns.
- Tip: Focus on deeper pools and slower runs. Use sink-tip lines to get your fly down to the fish’s level.
Reading New York River Conditions and Salmon Behavior
Understanding river conditions is crucial. Salmon prefer holding in areas with moderate currents and deep pools. Look for seams where fast and slow water meet, as salmon often rest in these spots.
Seasonal Salmon Fishing Tips in New York
Spring and Summer Salmon Fishing
Spring and summer are prime times for targeting Atlantic salmon and early Chinook. Focus on the shallow dropoffs around river mouths in the lake. Sometimes salmon can be caught off piers as well, but this is rare in the spring.
Fall and Winter Salmon Fishing
Fall brings the largest runs of Chinook and Coho salmon. Fish the main runs and staging areas. In winter, target slow-moving pools where salmon conserve energy. Brown trout and steelhead are more of a target in the winter months.
Best Times of Day for Salmon Fishing in New York Rivers
Early morning and late afternoon are typically the best times, as salmon are more active during low-light conditions. Cloudy days can extend this active period throughout the day.
New York Salmon Fishing Regulations and Conservation
Understanding New York’s Fishing Regulations
New York has specific regulations for each river. Be sure to check the regulations before heading to the rivers. Sometimes the regulations change from year to year.
- Bag Limits: Typically 1-3 salmon per day, depending on the river.
- Size Limits: Minimum length requirements to protect younger fish.
- Gear Restrictions: Some areas prohibit treble hooks or barbed hooks to reduce fish injury.
Conservation Efforts and Responsible Fishing
New York’s Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) works tirelessly to support salmon populations through stocking programs and habitat restoration. Always practice catch and release with care—use barbless hooks, minimize handling, and release fish quickly to improve their chances of survival.
Common Challenges and Solutions in New York River Salmon Fishing
Dealing with Crowded Fishing Spots
Salmon River can get particularly crowded during peak runs. Consider fishing during weekdays or exploring less popular rivers like the Black or Saranac.
Handling and Landing Large Salmon
Use a strong leader and be patient when fighting large salmon. Keep the fish in the water as much as possible during release to reduce stress.